A toolpath is the path followed by a cutting tool during a CNC machining operation. It is the connection between the geometry you create in XyzPilot and the physical movement of the cutting tool on the machine.

From Geometry to Toolpath

The geometry you create in XyzPilot — lines, arcs, circles — defines the shape of the component. The toolpath is derived from this geometry by the CAM module, taking into account:

  • The tool diameter and type
  • The machining depth
  • The machining strategy (climb or conventional)
  • The cutter compensation (G41/G42)
  • The lead-in and lead-out moves

The toolpath is not the same as the geometry. The tool centre follows a path that is offset from the profile by the tool radius. This offset is handled automatically by the CAM module.

Types of Toolpath

XyzPilot generates three types of toolpath:

  • Contour — the tool follows the profile of the component. Used for external profiles, internal profiles, and slots.
  • Pocket — the tool removes material from inside a closed profile. Used for pockets, recesses, and cavities.
  • Drilling — the tool moves to each drill centre point and drills to the specified depth. Used for holes, tapped holes, and counterbores.

Cutter Compensation

Cutter compensation (G41/G42) tells the CNC controller to offset the tool path by the tool radius. This allows the same program to be used with tools of slightly different diameters — the controller adjusts the path automatically.

XyzPilot generates correct cutter compensation transitions — G41/G42 engagement at the lead-in and G40 cancellation at the lead-out. The compensation state is managed correctly for every pass.

The Toolpath Simulator

XyzPilot includes a toolpath simulator that displays the tool path over the 2D geometry canvas. The simulator allows you to verify:

  • The tool follows the correct profile
  • The lead-in and lead-out are correct
  • The depth and direction are correct
  • There are no unexpected movements or collisions

Always simulate before machining. The simulator takes seconds and can prevent costly errors.

G-Code Output

The toolpath is output as G-code — the standard language for CNC machine control. XyzPilot generates correct G-code for:

  • Linear moves (G0, G1)
  • Arc moves (G2, G3)
  • Drill cycles (G81, G83)
  • Cutter compensation (G41, G42, G40)
  • Depth control (Z coordinates)

The G-code is ready to load directly into the CNC controller.